What is the main distinction between inclusion and integration in education?

The main distinction between inclusion and integration is that inclusion modifies environments to accommodate diverse needs. This approach ensures that educational settings are designed to support all learners, acknowledging their individual differences and promoting their participation in meaningful ways. Inclusion goes beyond simply placing students with special needs within general classrooms; it involves adapting the curriculum, teaching strategies, and classroom environments to create a supportive atmosphere where all children can thrive together, regardless of their abilities.

Inclusion emphasizes a philosophy of belonging and community, aiming to remove barriers that might prevent students with differing needs from accessing the same learning opportunities as their peers. By modifying environments, educators strive to provide equitable educational experiences, ensuring that students are engaged and able to participate fully in all aspects of school life.

In contrast, integration, while it might place students with special needs in mainstream settings, does not typically involve the same level of adaptation or support. It often focuses on simply accommodating these students in a classroom without the necessary modifications to the environment or curriculum, which can limit their participation and learning experiences.