What theory is associated with Edward Thorndike?

Edward Thorndike is widely recognized for his formulation of the Law of Effect, which is a foundational principle in the field of psychology, particularly in behaviorist theory. The Law of Effect states that responses to situations that are followed by favorable outcomes are more likely to be repeated in similar situations, while those followed by unfavorable outcomes are less likely to be repeated. This principle emphasizes the role of consequences in shaping behavior, which is a key concept in both learning and education.

Thorndike conducted experiments with animals, especially cats, to illustrate his theories. His work laid the groundwork for later developments in behaviorism by highlighting how rewards and punishments influence learning and behavior.

In contrast, while social learning theory focuses on the influence of observing and modeling the behaviors of others, behaviorism is a broader category but does not specifically encapsulate Thorndike’s unique contribution. Cognitive development theory, associated with Jean Piaget, revolves around how children understand and interact with the world, differing significantly from Thorndike’s focus on behavior modification through consequences. Thus, the Law of Effect directly reflects Thorndike's key contributions and is the correct answer in this context.